Epub: Carmans et al. Systemic treatment with the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by affecting proinflammatory immune responses. J Neuroimmunol. 2012 doi:pii: S0165-5728(12)00320-7. 10.1016/ j.jneuroim. 2012.11.001.
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions indicate alterations in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory system, suggesting its involvement in the disease process. To further elucidate the role of GABA in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in vivo, the chronic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35-55) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used. Daily GABA injections (200mg/kg) from day 3 onwards significantly augmented disease severity, which was associated with increased CNS mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. GABA-treated mice showed enhanced MOG-dependent proliferation and were skewed towards a T helper 1 phenotype. Moreover, in vitro, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in interleukin (IL)-6 production by macrophages was enhanced at low GABA concentrations (0.03-0.3mM). In sharp contrast to exogenous GABA administration, endogenous GABA increment by systemic treatment with the GABA-transaminase inhibitor vigabatrin (250mg/kg) had prophylactic as well as therapeutic potential in EAE. Together, these results indicate an immune amplifying role of GABA in neuroinflammatory diseases like MS.
Well lets look at this other paper on the subject.
Bhat et al. Inhibitory role for GABA in autoimmune inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 9;107(6):2580-5
GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has a parallel inhibitory role in the immune system. We demonstrate that immune cells synthesize GABA and have the machinery for GABA catabolism. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) express functional GABA receptors and respond electrophysiologically to GABA. Thus, the immune system harbors all of the necessary constituents for GABA signaling, and GABA itself may function as a paracrine or autocrine factor. These observations led us to ask further whether manipulation of the GABA pathway influences an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Increasing GABAergic activity ameliorates ongoing paralysis in EAE via inhibition of inflammation. GABAergic agents act directly on APCs, decreasing MAPK signals and diminishing subsequent adaptive inflammatory responses to myelin proteins.
This study gave vigabatrin (400mg/kg per day) and this inhibited EAE.
The studies need repeating because the question now comes, what is the response to Baclofen, which is a GABA receptor agonist, I suspect given enough there would be an inhibitory effect because of the sedation caused by the drug would stress the animals and this would stop disease from developing....This would be the opposite of what the top paper found. If this was making MS worse their are enough people taking it for this effect to have been noticed.
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions indicate alterations in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory system, suggesting its involvement in the disease process. To further elucidate the role of GABA in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in vivo, the chronic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35-55) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used. Daily GABA injections (200mg/kg) from day 3 onwards significantly augmented disease severity, which was associated with increased CNS mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. GABA-treated mice showed enhanced MOG-dependent proliferation and were skewed towards a T helper 1 phenotype. Moreover, in vitro, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in interleukin (IL)-6 production by macrophages was enhanced at low GABA concentrations (0.03-0.3mM). In sharp contrast to exogenous GABA administration, endogenous GABA increment by systemic treatment with the GABA-transaminase inhibitor vigabatrin (250mg/kg) had prophylactic as well as therapeutic potential in EAE. Together, these results indicate an immune amplifying role of GABA in neuroinflammatory diseases like MS.
Well lets look at this other paper on the subject.
Bhat et al. Inhibitory role for GABA in autoimmune inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 9;107(6):2580-5
GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has a parallel inhibitory role in the immune system. We demonstrate that immune cells synthesize GABA and have the machinery for GABA catabolism. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) express functional GABA receptors and respond electrophysiologically to GABA. Thus, the immune system harbors all of the necessary constituents for GABA signaling, and GABA itself may function as a paracrine or autocrine factor. These observations led us to ask further whether manipulation of the GABA pathway influences an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Increasing GABAergic activity ameliorates ongoing paralysis in EAE via inhibition of inflammation. GABAergic agents act directly on APCs, decreasing MAPK signals and diminishing subsequent adaptive inflammatory responses to myelin proteins.
This study gave vigabatrin (400mg/kg per day) and this inhibited EAE.
The studies need repeating because the question now comes, what is the response to Baclofen, which is a GABA receptor agonist, I suspect given enough there would be an inhibitory effect because of the sedation caused by the drug would stress the animals and this would stop disease from developing....This would be the opposite of what the top paper found. If this was making MS worse their are enough people taking it for this effect to have been noticed.
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